The meaning of the concept of economic substance in the tax systems of Canada and Australia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/1509-877X.2018.02.04Keywords:
tax avoidance, economic substance, general anti-avoidance clauseAbstract
The article concentrates upon the issue of economic substance and its meaning for the ta Xsystem. In particular the aim of the article is to determine how the concept of economic substance is used in the tax systems of Canada and Australia. None of the abovementioned countries has adopted the judicial anti-avoidance doctrines so characteristic in particular for the United States.
However both in Canada and in Australia the element of real economic substance of the taxpayers’ activities is considered indirectly, as part of the general anti-avoidance regulations.
Downloads
References
Alarie B., Duff D.G., The legacy of UK tax concepts in Canadian income tax law, „British Tax Review” 2008, no. 3.
Arnold B.J., Li J., Justice Bowman on Substance over Form, „Canadian Tax Journal” 2010, vol. 58.
Australian Government. The Board of Taxation. Review of the debt and equity tax rules. Discussion Paper, marzec 2014, http://taxboard.gov.au/files/2015/07/Debt_Equity_Discussion_Paper.pdf (dostęp: 28.01.2018).
Azzi J., Spotless: A Lesson in Form and Substance but not in Substance over Form, „Revenue Law Journal” 1998, vol. 8.
Brzeziński B., Anglosaskie doktryny orzecznicze dotyczące unikania opodatkowania, Toruń 1996.
Cassidy J., Peabody v FCT and Part IVA, „Revenue Law Journal” 1995, vol. 5.
Cassidy J., „To GAAR or Not to GAAR – That is the Question”: Canadian and Australian Attempts to Combat Tax Avoidance, „Ottawa Law Review” 2005, vol. 36, no. 2.
D’Ascenzo M., Part IVA: Post Spotless, „Journal of Australian Taxation”, lipiec/sierpień 1998.
Duff D.G., The Supreme Court of Canada and the General Anti-Avoidance Rule: Canada Trustco and Mathew, „Bulletin for International Taxation” 2006, vol. 60, no. 54.
Duggan A., Ziegel J.S., Girgis J., 449 – Shell Canada Limited: A New Taste of the Economic Substance over Form, „Canadian Business Law Journal” 1998, vol. 30.
Freedman J., Converging Tracks? Recent Developments in Canadian and UK Approaches to Tax Avoidance, „Canadian Tax Journal” 2005, vol. 53, no. 4.
Kujinga B., The UK general anti abuse rule: Lessons for Australia?, „eJournal of Tax Research” 2016, vol. 14, no. 3.
Li J., „Economic Substance”: Drawing the line between legitimate tax minimization and abusive tax avoidance, „Canadian Tax Journal” 2006, vol. 54, no. 1.
Olesińska A., Klauzula ogólna przeciwko unikaniu opodatkowania, Toruń 2013.
Philipps L., The Supreme Court of Canada’s Tax Jurisprudence: What’s wrong with the rule of law, „Canadian Bar Review” 2000, vol. 79.
Toryanik T., The Concept of Substance in International Taxation. Australia, „International Transfer Pricing Journal”, listopad–grudzień 2014.
Tretola J., Comparing the New Zealand and Australian GAAR, „Revenue Law Journal” 2017, vol. 25, no. 1.
Wilkie S.J., Canada: Substance in International Taxation, „International Transfer Pricing Journal”, wrzesień–październik 2014.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
