The role of public institutions in the integration of immigrants from Ukraine: the case of the Lodz and Silesian Voivodeships

Abstract

For several years, Poland has been an area of intensified immigration—initially labor-related, and, following Russia’s aggression against Ukraine in February 2022, also forced migration. Increased immigration is also observed in the Lodz and Silesian voivodeships, which have for years struggled with depopulation. One way of addressing this demographic challenge is the attempt to retain immigrants who arrive in these regions. The aim of this article is to analyze the role of public institutions in the processes of economic integration (into the labor market) and social integration of immigrants from Ukraine, and thus in encouraging them to settle permanently. To this end, the study examines the actions taken by local governments in the Lodz and Silesian voivodeships to support the integration of foreigners, both before and after the intensification of Russia’s military operations against Ukraine. The empirical material consists of in-depth and group interviews with immigrants and experts representing public institutions, non-governmental organizations, and academic circles. The findings are compared with an analysis of statistical data and documents provided by public institutions. The study reveals significant differences in undertaken measures depending on the voivodeship, available resources, and the level of coordination between public institutions.