Odpady przemysłowe w Polsce w latach 2010–2020: ujęcie sektorowe z wykorzystaniem modeli przepływów międzygałęziowych i dekompozycji strukturalnej
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.371.01Słowa kluczowe:
odpady przemysłowe, modele przepływów międzygałęziowych, modele Leontiefa, dekompozycja strukturalnaAbstrakt
Celem artykułu jest zbadanie, w jaki sposób zmiany technologiczne oraz zmiany w popycie finalnym wpłynęły na wielkość i strukturę odpadów przemysłowych w Polsce w latach 2010–2020. Zastosowane zostały rozszerzone modele przepływów międzygałęziowych w połączeniu z analizą dekompozycji strukturalnej. Z wykorzystaniem tablic przepływów międzygałęziowych dla lat 2010 i 2020 oraz danych o wytwarzaniu odpadów, zagregowanych w 17 klastrów sektorowych, rozłożono zmiany w ilości generowanych odpadów na składniki intensywności odpadowej, postęp techniczny i ewolucję popytu finalnego wraz z ich dalszym podziałem. Wyniki wskazują, że głównym czynnikiem wzrostu wytwarzania odpadów był rosnący popyt finalny, natomiast wpływ zmian technologicznych był zróżnicowany – sektor wytwarzania i zaopatrzenia w energię elektryczną, gaz, parę i klimatyzację odnotował największy spadek odpadów, podczas gdy sektor gospodarki odpadami wyraźnie je zwiększył. Górnictwo i wydobywanie oraz budownictwo odegrały kluczową rolę: pierwsze dzięki zmianom technologicznym, drugie poprzez połączone efekty technologii i popytu. Otrzymane wnioski dostarczają podstaw do projektowania ukierunkowanych strategii redukcji odpadów i pogłębiają zrozumienie zależności między dynamiką gospodarczą, postępem technologicznym a zrównoważonym rozwojem.
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