Kazus (anty)duchowości behawiorysty radykalnego B. F. Skinnera – perspektywa psychobiograficzna

Andrzej Pankalla; Agnieszka Wiatrowska

doi:10.18778/2450-4491.12.12

Authors

Andrzej Pankalla Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-6185
Agnieszka Wiatrowska Uniwersytet Adama Mickiewicza https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7646-7115

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/2450-4491.12.12

Keywords:

spirituality, beliefs, nurture

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to show how the religious education that B. F. Skinner experienced changed his perception of man and the world, and ultimately influenced his abandonment of faith and directed him onto the path of radical behaviorism. Analysis of the available literature shows that the difference in the views of Skinner’s opponents (Joseph Wood Krutch, Tomasz Szasz, Ayn Rand) and his allies (Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Sam Harris) lies in their different upbringing and complex life experiences. Related beliefs influenced their understanding of spirituality and free will.

Author Biographies

Andrzej Pankalla, Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie

Pankalla, Andrzej – habilitated doctor, professor at the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw at the Institute of Psychology, head of the Centre for Anthropological Psychology. He specializes in the history of psychology, cultural psychology and psychology of religion. He is the organizer of psychocultural research expeditions (Ecuador, Guatemala, Buryatia, various African countries, etc.). Recently, he published (as a co-author) Indygeniczna psychologia Słowian (The indigenous psychology of the Slavians) (2018).

Agnieszka Wiatrowska, Uniwersytet Adama Mickiewicza

Wiatrowska, Agnieszka – M.A., graduate of the Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznan. Passionate about anomalistic psychology and orthodox behaviourism. A fantasy and science-fiction writer (pseudonym Evanna Shamrock).

References

Bjork D. W. (1997) B. F. Skinner: A life, Washington, US: American Psychological Association.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/10130-000

Clark C. et al (2014) Free to Punish: A Motivated Account of Free Will Belief, „Journal of Personality and Social Psychology”, nr 106, s. 501–13.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035880

Dawkins R. (1996) Samolubny gen, tłum. M. Skoneczny, Warszawa, Prószyński i S-ka.
Google Scholar

Dawkins R. (2007) Bóg urojony, tłum. P. J. Szwajcer, Warszawa, Wydawnictwo CiS.
Google Scholar

Dennett D. (1984) Elbow Room. The Varietes of Free Will Worth Wanting, Cambridge, MIT Press.
Google Scholar

Dennett D. (2003) Freedom Evolves. London, Penguin Books.
Google Scholar

Dennett D. (2006) Odczarowanie. Religia jako zjawisko naturalne, tłum. B. Stanosz, Warszawa, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
Google Scholar

Harris S. (2004) The end of faith: Religion, terror, and the future of reason, New York, W. W. Norton & Co.
Google Scholar

Harris S. (2012) Free Will, Waszyngton, Free Press.
Google Scholar

Hitchens Ch. (2012) Śmiertelność, tłum. R. Madejski, Katowice, Sonia Draga.
Google Scholar

James J. (2001) Doświadczenia religijne, tłum. J. Henpel, Warszawa, Nomos.
Google Scholar

Krutch Wood J. (1953) The Measure of Men: on freedom, human values, survival, and the modern temper, Washington, Peter Smith Pub Inc.
Google Scholar

Ono K. (1987) Superstitious behavior in humans, „Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior”, nr 47 (3), s. 261–271.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1987.47-261

Pawelec T. (2002) Psyche i Klio. Historia w oczach psychohistoryków, Lublin, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej.
Google Scholar

Piszkalski H. (1978) Problem „sytuacji granicznych” w ujęciu Karla Jaspersa, „Analecta Cracoviensia”, 10. 99. 10.15633/acr.2948.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.15633/acr.2948

Rand A. (1982) The Stimulus and the Response w: Philosophy – Who Needs It, New York, Signet.
Google Scholar

Runyan W. M. (1992) Historie życia a psychobiografia. Badania teorii i metody, tłum. J. Kasprzewski, Warszawa, PWN.
Google Scholar

Schneider Ch. (2008) Wilhelm Wundt – Volkerpsychologie, Berlin, V&R unipress GmbH.
Google Scholar

Skinner B. F. (1938) The Behavior of Organisms. An Experimental Analysis, New York, Appleton Century Crofts, Inc.
Google Scholar

Skinner B. F. (1948a) 'Superstition' in the pigeon, „Journal of Experimental Psychology”, nr 38 (2), s. 168–172.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0055873

Skinner B. F. (1948b) Walden Two, Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing Company.
Google Scholar

Skinner B. F. (1953) Science and Human Behavior, Washington, Free Press.
Google Scholar

Skinner B. F. (1955) Freedom and the control of men w: B. F. Skinner, Cumulative Record. Definitive Edition, Great Rd City, Copley Publishing Group.
Google Scholar

Skinner B. F. (1957) Verbal Behavior, New York, Appleton Century Crofts, Inc.
Google Scholar

Skinner B. F. (1961) How to teach animals w: B. F. Skinner, Cumulative Record. Definitive Edition, Washington, Copley Publishing Group.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/11324-000

Skinner B. F. (1963) Behaviorism at Fifty w: B. F. Skinner, Cumulative Record. Definitive Edition, Washington, Copley Publishing Group.
Google Scholar

Skinner B. F. (1977) Particulars of My Life. Part One of an Autobiography, New York, Knopf.
Google Scholar

Skinner B. F. (1978) Poza wolnością i godnością, tłum. W. Szelenberger, Warszawa, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
Google Scholar

Skinner B. F. (1979) The Shaping of a Behaviorist. Part Two of an Autobiography, New York, Knopf.
Google Scholar

Skinner B. F. (1983) A Matter of Consequences. Part Three of an Autobiography, New York, Knopf.
Google Scholar

Skinner B. F. (1986) Upon Further Reflection, Harlow, Pearson.
Google Scholar

Skinner B. F. (1987) What Religion Means to Me?, „Free Inquiry”, nr 7, s. 12–14.
Google Scholar

Skinner B. F. (1990) Can Psychology Be a Science of Mind?, „American Psychologist”, vol. 45, nr 11, s. 1206–1210.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.11.1206

Skinner B. F. (1995) Zachowanie się organizmów, tłum. K. Dudziak, Warszawa, PWN.
Google Scholar

Skinner B. F. (2013) Behawioryzm, tłum. P. Skawiński, Gdańsk, Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.
Google Scholar

Szasz T. (1974) Against behaviorism. A review of B. F. Skinner’s about behaviorism, „Libertarian Review”, nr 111, s. 6–7.
Google Scholar

Szasz T. (1987) Justifying Coercion through Religion and Psychiatry, „Journal of Humanistic Psychology”, t. 7, nr 2, s. 158–174.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167887272004

Encyklopedia PWN (2011), https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/sytuacje-graniczne;3982244.html [dostęp: 29.04.2020].
Google Scholar