Motives for Playing Video Games in the Context of Time. Results of Empirical Research

Bartosz Mazurkiewicz; Magdalena Stefańska

doi:10.18778/2391-8551.07.01

Autor

Bartosz Mazurkiewicz Poznań University of Economics and Business
Magdalena Stefańska Poznań University of Economics and Business

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/2391-8551.07.01

Słowa kluczowe:

gry, gry wideo, motywacja graczy, typologia graczy, czas grania

Abstrakt

Gry wideo są jedną z najpopularniejszych form spędzania wolnego czasu. Mnogość gier oraz sposobów grania (indywidualnie, zespołowo, online, offline itp.) sprawia, że gracze mogą dzięki nim zaspokajać różne potrzeby. Tym samym z punktu widzenia twórców gier istotne staje się rozpoznawanie tych potrzeb oraz dostosowywanie produktu do oczekiwań graczy. Biorąc pod uwagę dynamiczny rozwój rynku gier wideo, interesujące wydaje się rozpoznanie motywów, którymi kierują się gracze, spędzając czas na graniu. Celem artykułu jest zatem identyfikacja motywów graczy ze względu na rodzaj zaspokajanej potrzeby oraz znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy istnieje związek między czasem spędzanym na grach a motywami grania (czy fakt, że dłużej gramy, zmienia rodzaj zaspokajanej potrzeby?). W tekście powołano się na wyniki badań własnych przeprowadzonych wśród graczy w kwietniu 2020 roku, na próbie 2527 graczy w Polsce. Podmiotem badania były osoby, które grają aktywnie w gry wideo – codziennie lub kilka razy w tygodniu.

Biogramy autorów

Bartosz Mazurkiewicz - Poznań University of Economics and Business

Bartosz Mazurkiewicz – Assistant Professor in the Department of Marketing Strategy at the Poznań University of Economics and Business. Major fields of scientific research: video games, on-line marketing communication, social media marketing and virtual worlds. Member of the Polish Scientific Marketing Association and the Games Research Association of Poland.
Magdalena Stefańska - Poznań University of Economics and Business

Magdalena Stefańska – Associate Professor in the Department of Marketing Strategies at the Poznań University of Economics and Business. Major fields of scientific research: consumer behaviour, corporate social responsibility, on-line marketing communication. Member of EBEN (European Business Ethics Network).

Bibliografia

Aarseth, E.J. (1997). Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Andrias, R.M., & Sunar, M.S. (2019). User/Player Type in Gamification. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 8(1.6). https://doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2019/1481.62019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2019/1481.62019

Apperley, T.H. (2006). Genre and Game Studies: Toward a Critical Approach to Video Game Genres. Simulation and Gaming, 37(1), 6–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046878105282278 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1046878105282278

Bartle, R. (1996). Hearts, Clubs, Diamonds, Spades: Players Who Suit MUDs. Journal of MUD research, 1(1), 19. https://mud.co.uk/richard/hcds.htm#Bartle,%201990b

Bartle, R. (2005). Virtual Worlds: Why People Play. Massively Multiplayer Game Development 2(2), 3–18. https://mud.co.uk/richard/VWWPP.pdf

Bateman, C., & Boon, R. (2005). 21st Century Game Design. Newton: Charles River Media.

Bateman, C., Lowenhaupt, R., & Nacke, E.L. (2012). Player Typology in Theory and Practice. Proceedings of DiGRA 2011 Conference: Think Design Play.

Bilińska-Reformat, K., Dewalska-Opitek, A., & Hofman-Kohlmeyer, M. (2020). To Mod or Not to Mod–An Empirical Study on Game Modding as Customer Value Co-Creation. Sustainability, 12, 9014, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219014

Billieux, J., Chanal, J., Khazaal, Y., Rochat, L., Gay, P., Zullino, D., & Van der Linden, M. (2011). Psychological Predictors of Problematic Involvement in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games: Illustration in a Sample of Male Cybercafé Players. Psychopathology, 44(3), 165–171. https://doi.org/10.1159/000322525 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000322525

Bushman, B.J.,& Anderson, C.A.(2002). Violent Video Games and Hostile Expectations: A Test of the General Aggression Model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(12), 1679–1686. https://doi.org/10.1177/014616702237649 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014616702237649

Cash, H., & McDaniel, K. (2014). Dzieci konsoli. Uzależnienie od gier. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Media Rodzina.

Chappell, D., Eatough, V., Davies, M., & Griffiths, M. (2006). EverQuest – It‘s Just a Computer Game Right? An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Online Gaming Addiction. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 4(3), 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-006-9028-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-006-9028-6

Cummings, H.M., & Vandewater, E.A. (2007). Relation of Adolescent Video Gameplay to Time Spent in Other Activities. Achieves of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 161(7), 689. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.161.7.684 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.161.7.684

Dauriat, F.Z., Zermatten, A., Billieux, J., Thorens, G., Bondolfi, G., Zullino, D., & Khazaal, Y. (2011). Motivations to Play Specifically Predict Excessive Involvement in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games: Evidence From an Online Survey. European Addiction Research, 17(4), 185–189. https://doi.org/10.1159/000326070 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000326070

Demetrovics, Z., Urbán, R., Nagygyörgy, K., Farkas, J., Zilahy, D., Mervo, B. & Harmath, E. (2011). Why Do You Play? The Development of the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ). Behavior Research Methods, 43(3), 814–825. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-011-0091-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-011-0091-y

Eastin, M.S., & Griffiths, R. (2006). Beyond the Shooter Game. Communication Research, 33(6), 448–466. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650206293249 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650206293249

Eysenck, M.W. (2016). Hans Eysenck: A Research Evaluation. Personality and Individual Differences, 103, 209–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.039

Falkowska, M. (2011). Gry wideo jako nowe medium – podstawowe kategorie badawcze. Kultura i Historia, 19. https://www.kulturaihistoria.umcs.lublin.pl/archives/2390

Filiciak, M. (2006). Wirtualny plac zabaw. Gry sieciowe i przemiany kultury współczesnej. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne.

de Freitas, S., & Liarokapis, F. (2011). Serious Games: A New Paradigm for Education? In M. Ma, A. Oikonomou, L. Jain (eds.), Serious Games and Edutainment Applications (pp. 9–23). Londyn: Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2161-9_2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2161-9_2

Graham, L.T., & Gosling, S.D. (2013). Personality Profiles Associated with Different Motivations for Playing World of Warcraft. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 16(3), 189–193. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0090 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0090

Griffiths, M.D. (2010). Online: Video Gaming: What Should Educational Psychologists Know? Educational Psychology in Practice, 26(1), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/02667360903522769 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02667360903522769

Griffiths, M.D., Davies, M.N.O., & Chappell, D. (2003). Breaking the Stereotype: The Case of Online Gaming, CyberPsychology & Behavior, 6(1), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493103321167992 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/109493103321167992

Grüsser, S.M., Thalemann, R., & Griffiths, M.D. (2007). Excessive Computer Game Playing: Evidence for Addiction and Aggression? Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 10(2), 290–292. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9956 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9956

Hussain, Z., & Griffiths, M.D. (2008). Gender Swapping and Socializing in Cyberspace: An Exploratory Study. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11(1), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0020

Instytut Badania Rynku i Opinii Publicznej Norstat (2018). Fenomen Dojrzałego Gracza. https://fenomengracza.pl

Ipsos (2014). #jestemgraczem. http://www.jestemgraczem.com/assets/jestemgraczem_raport_z_badania.pdf

Kim, E.J., Namkoong, K., Ku, T., & Kim, S.J. (2008). The Relationship between Online Game Addiction and Aggression, Self-Control and Narcissistic Personality Traits. European Psychiatry, 23(3), 212–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.10.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.10.010

Kim, Y., Ross, S.D., & Ko, Y. (2007). Online Sport Video Gaming Motivations. International Journal of Human Movement Science, 1(1), 41–62.

Király, O., Nagygyörgy, K., Griffiths, M.D., & Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Problematic Online Gaming. In Behavioral Addictions: Criteria, Evidence, and Treatment (pp. 61–97). Cambridge: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-07724-9.00004-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407724-9.00004-5

Lazzaro, N. (2004). Why we Play Games: Four Keys to More Emotion without Story. Game Dev Conf.

Linder, J., & Zichermann, G. (2010). Game-Based Marketing: Inspire Customer Loyalty Through Rewards, Challenges, and Contests. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Lo, S.K., Wang, C.C., & Fang, W. (2005). Physical Interpersonal Relationships and Social Anxiety among Online Game Players. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 8(1), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.15

Mazurkiewicz, B. (2016). Wpływ immersji na odbiór komunikatów marketingowych lokowanych w grach komputerowych (unpublished doctoral dissertation). Poznań: Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu.

Nacke, L.E., Bateman, C., & Mandryk, R.L. (2013). BrainHex: A Neurobiological Gamer Typology Survey. Entertainment Computing, 5(1), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcom.2013.06.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcom.2013.06.002

Osathanunkul, C. (2015). A Classification of Business Models in Video Game Industry. International Journal of Management Cases, 17(1), 35–45. http://www.ijmc.org/ijmc/vol_17.1_files/17.1.pdf#page=35

Pacuraru, R.O. (2012). Virtual Organizations. Economics, Management, and Financial Markets, 7(4), 695–702.

Petrowicz, M. (2015). Zasady przeciw immersji. Zaangażowanie w narrację i zaangażowanie w system formalny gry. Replay. The Polish Journal of Game Studies, 2(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.18778/2391-8551.02.03 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18778/2391-8551.02.03

Polish Gamers Observatory (2019). Polish Gamers Research 2019. https://polishgamers.com/pgr/polish-gamers-research-2019/general-information-about-our-study/

Silva, L., & Mousavidin, E. (2015). Strategic Thinking in Virtual Worlds: Studying World of Warcraft. Computers in Human Behavior, 46, 168–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.047 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.047

Smyth, J.M. (2007). Beyond Self-Selection in Video Game Play: An Experimental Examination of the Consequences of Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game Play. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 10(5), 717–721. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.9963 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.9963

Squire, K. (2011). Video Games and Learning: Teaching and Participatory Culture in the Digital Age. New York: Teachers College Press.

Stefańska, M., & Mazurkiewicz, B. (2021). Archetypes of Video Game Players – Do Other Typologies Exists. In 37th IBIMA Conference: April 2021, Cordoba, Spain. https://ibima.org/accepted-paper/archetypes-of-video-game-players-do-other-typologies-exists/

Sublette, V.A., & Mullan, B. (2012). Consequences of Play: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Online Gaming. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 10(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-010-9304-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-010-9304-3

Šporčić, B., & Glavak-Tkalić, R. (2018). The Relationship between Online Gaming Motivation, Self-Concept Clarity and Tendency toward Problematic Gaming. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2018-1-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2018-1-4

Tondello, G.F., Wehbe, R.R., Diamond, L., Busch, M., Marczewski, A., & Nacke, L.E. (2016). The Gamification User Types Hexad Scale. In Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play – CHI PLAY ’16. Austin, TX, USA. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2967934.2968082 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/2967934.2968082

Urbańska-Galanciak, D. (2009). Homo players. Strategie odbioru gier komputerowych. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne.

Williams, D. (2006). Groups and Goblins: The Social and Civic Impact of an Online Game. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 50(4), 651–670. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem5004_5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem5004_5

Wowra, W. (2008). Rynek reklam w grach. Marketing w Praktyce, 3, 13–15.

Wu, A., Lai, M., Yu, S., Lau, J., & Lei, M. (2017). Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire: Its Psychometric Properties and Correlation with Internet Gaming Disorder Symptoms among Chinese People. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.007

Yee, N. (2006). The Demographics, Motivations, and Derived Experiences of Users of Massively Multi-User Online Graphical Environments. Presence Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 15(3), 309–329. https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.15.3.309 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.15.3.309