Hospitality and anti-tourist attitudes through the host-guest relationship in the Westworld science fiction series
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.34.1.02Słowa kluczowe:
hospitality, hostility, neocolonialism, Westworld, host, guestAbstrakt
Westworld is a science fiction series that proposes a theme park of the future where ‘guests’ can live a Wild West experience without restrictions or reprisals, thanks to reallooking android ‘hosts’ who grant all their wishes. Due to the topic covered, this science fiction series allows its use as a common thread for an article that considers the concept of hospitality, the host-guest relationship and its consequence for the management of tourist destinations. This is achieved through an exegesis of Westworld and an analysis of academic bibliography. First, different concepts of hospitality and what they imply for the host-guest relationship are identified. Subsequently, how different theoretical developments on the resident-tourist relationship are proposed entailing different interpretations and reactions to the same objective reality. In conclusion, it should be noted that when tourism is perceived as subordinating the host to the wishes of the guest (as in Westworld), the appearance of anti-tourism attitudes among residents is only a matter of time, generating conflicts. Furthermore, the importance of dominant interpretive theories in determining the reaction of the local population to events that occur should be highlighted.
Pobrania
Bibliografia
Ardant, P. (1965). Le néo-colonialisme: Theme, mythe et réalité. Revue Française de Science Politique, 15(5), 837–855. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43114925 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/rfsp.1965.392883
Boissevain, J. (Ed.). (1996). Coping with tourists: European reactions to mass tourism. Berghahn Books. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv287sc2h
Bourdieu, P. (1994). Raisons pratiques: Sur la théorie de l’action. Éditions du Seuil.
Bourdieu, P. (1998). La domination masculine. Éditions du Seuil.
Cheung, K.S., & Li, L.-H. (2019). Understanding visitor–resident relations in overtourism: Developing resilience for sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(8), 1197–1216. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1606815 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1606815
Cooper, R.J. (1976). An analysis of some aspects of social change and adaptation to tourism on Ibiza [PhD thesis, University of Oxford]. Oxford University Research Archive. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fe56b53d-4d7c-438c-afef-1da6f8666610
Derrida, J. (2001). On cosmopolitanism and forgiveness. Routledge.
Dodds, R., & Butler, R. (2019). The phenomena of overtourism: A review. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 5(4), 519–528. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-06-2019-0090 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-06-2019-0090
Fanon, F. (1961). Les damnés de la terre. Éditions Maspero.
Friedman, L.D. (2007). American cinema of the 1970s: Themes and variations. Rutgers University Press.
Gall, T.L., & Hobby, J. (2009). Worldmark encyclopedia of cultures and daily life (2nd ed.): Vol. 5: Europe. Gale.
Gurevitch, L. (2022). A life without limits: Design, technology and tourism futures in Westworld. In I. Yeoman, U. McMahon-Beattie & M. Sigala (Eds.), Science fiction, disruption and tourism (pp. 73–83). Channel View Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781845418687-009
Hardy, P. (Ed.). (1995). The Overlook film encyclopedia: Science fiction. The Overlook Press.
Hayward, T. (2020). Loaf story: A love letter to bread, with recipes. Hardie Grant Publishing.
Internet Movie Database. (n.d.a). Futureworld (1976). Retrieved May 15, 2023, from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0074559/?ref_=vp_vi_tt
Internet Movie Database. (n.d.b). Westworld (1973). Retrieved May 15, 2023, from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0070909/?ref_=nm_knf_t_3
Internet Movie Database. (n.d.c). Westworld (2016–2022). Retrieved May 15, 2023, from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0475784/
Jacobsen, J.K.S. (2000). Anti-tourist attitudes: Mediterranean charter tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(2), 284–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00069-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00069-9
Kant, I. (2003). Perpetual peace: A philosophical sketch (T. Humphrey Trans.). Hackett Publishing Company. (Original work published 1795)
Kim, S., & Kang, Y. (2020). Why do residents in an overtourism destination develop anti-tourist attitudes? An exploration of residents’ experience through the lens of the community-based tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 25(8), 858–876. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2020.1768129 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2020.1768129
Krauth, N. (2011). Evolution of the exegesis: The radical trajectory of the creative writing doctorate in Australia. TEXT, 15(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.52086/001c.31314 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52086/001c.31314
Lacko, I. (2017). On the path to sentience – post-digital narratives in “Westworld”. World Literature Studies, 9(3), 29–40. https://wls.sav.sk/wp-content/uploads/WLS3_2017_Lacko.pdf
Leach, H. (2003). Did East Polynesians have a concept of luxury foods? World Archaeology, 34(3), 442–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/0043824021000026440 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0043824021000026440
Lovell, J., & Hitchmough, S. (2020). Simulated authenticity: Storytelling and mythic space on the hyper-frontier in Buffalo Bill’s Wild West and Westworld. Tourist Studies, 20(4), 409–428. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797620937912 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797620937912
Marx, K. (1974a). Capital: A critical analysis of capitalist production. Vol. 1: The process of capitalist production (S. Moore & E. Aveling Trans.). Progress Publishers. (Original work published 1867; English edition first published 1887)
Marx, K. (1974b). Capital: A critique of political economy: Vol. 2: The process of circulation of capital (F. Engels Ed., E. Untermann Trans.). Progress Publishers. (English edition [Trans. from the 2nd German ed.] 1910; Original work published 1885)
Marx, K. (1974c). Capital: A critique of political economy: Vol. 3: The process of capitalist production as a whole (F. Engels Ed., E. Untermann Trans.). Progress Publishers. (English edition [Trans. from the 1st German ed.] 1909; Original work published 1894)
McDonald, M.A. (1995). Ka Lei: The leis of Hawaii. Ku Pa’a Publishing.
Memmi, A. (1957). Portrait du colonisé précédé de portrait du colonisateur. Buchet-Chastel, & Correa.
Mihalic, T. (2020). Conceptualizing overtourism: A sustainability approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 84, Article e103025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103025
Milano, C., Novelli, M., & Cheer, J.M. (2019). Overtourism and degrowth: A social movements perspective. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(12), 1857–1875. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1650054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1650054
Mustafa, H., Omar, B., & Mukhiar, S.N.S. (2020). Measuring destination competitiveness: An importance-performance analysis (IPA) of six top island destinations in South East Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 25(3), 223–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2019.1687534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2019.1687534
Navarro-Jurado, E., Thiel-Ellul, D., & Romero-Padilla, Y.R. (2015). Periferias del placer: Cuando turismo se convierte en desarrollismo inmobiliario-turístico. Boletín de La Asociación de Geógrafos Espanoles, 67, 275–302. https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.1826 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.1826
Netolicky, D.M. (2017). Cyborgs, desiring-machines, bodies without organs, and Westworld: Interrogating academic writing and scholarly identity. KOME: An International Journal of Pure Communication Inquiry, 5(1), 91–103. https://doi.org/10.17646/KOME.2017.16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17646/KOME.2017.16
Nickerson, R.S. (1998). Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology, 2(2), 175–220. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//1089-2680.2.2.175
Phi, G.T. (2020). Framing overtourism: A critical news media analysis. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(17), 2093–2097. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1618249 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1618249
Prashad, V. (2007). The darker nations: A people’s history of the third world. The New Press.
Ramón Cardona, J., & Serra Cantallops, A. (2013). Tolerancia y desarrollo turístico: Sant Antoni en los anos cincuenta. CULTUR – Revista de Cultura e Turismo, 7(2), 132–156. https://periodicos.uesc.br/index.php/cultur/article/view/321
Ramón Cardona, J., & Serra Cantallops, A. (2014). Inicios del turismo y actitudes de los residentes: El caso de Ibiza – Espana. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo, 23(1), 1–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v8i1.704
Rousseau, J.-J. (2018). Discourse on the origin and the foundations of inequality among men: Second discourse (I. Johnston Trans.). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. (Original work published 1755) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316584804.003
Saïd, E.W. (1978). Orientalism. Pantheon Books.
Sartre, J.-P. (2001). Colonialism and neocolonialism. Psychology Press.
Screti, F. (2022). Populism in mediated anti-tourism discourse: A critical analysis of the documentary tourist go home! Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 20(5), 617–632. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2021.1966024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2021.1966024
Seraphin, H., Gowreesunkar, V., Zaman, M., & Bourliataux-Lajoinie, S. (2019). Community based festivals as a tool to tackle tourismphobia and antitourism movements. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 39, 219–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.12.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.12.001
Serra Cantallops, A., & Ramón Cardona, J. (2015). Holiday destinations: The myth of the lost paradise? Annals of Tourism Research, 55, 171–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.10.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.10.002
Spivak, G.C. (1988). Can the subaltern speak? In C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the interpretation of culture (pp. 271–313). Macmillan Education.
Stanard, M.G. (2018). European overseas empire, 1879–1999: A short history. John Wiley & Sons. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119367376
Tomillo Noguero, F. (2013). La hospitalidad como condición necesaria para el desarrollo local. Revista Hospitalidade, 10(2), 161–212. https://www.revhosp.org/hospitalidade/article/view/530
Velasco González, M., & Carrillo Barroso, E. (2021). La corta vida de un concepto: turismofobia en los medios espanoles: Narrativas, actores y agendas. Investigaciones Turísticas, 22, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.14198/INTURI2021.22.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14198/INTURI2021.22.1
Veríssimo, M., Moraes, M., Breda, Z., Guizi, A., & Costa, C. (2020). Overtourism and tourismphobia: A systematic literature review. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 68(2), 156–169. https://doi.org/10.37741/t.68.2.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37741/t.68.2.4
Vetitnev, A., Chigarev, D., & Afanasiev, O. (2021). Overtourism and tourismphobia at a Russian resort. European Journal of Tourism Research, 28, Article e2812. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v28i.2263 DOI: https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v28i.2263
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
