A New Approach to Underpricing Phenomenon in Poland

Dorota Podedworna-Tarnowska

doi:10.18778/2391-6478.S2.2023.06

Autor

Dorota Podedworna-Tarnowska Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5945-403X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/2391-6478.S2.2023.06

Słowa kluczowe:

pierwsza oferta publiczna (IPO), niedowartościowanie pierwotne, niedowartościowanie wtórne

Abstrakt

Cel artykułu/hipoteza. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja i ocena niedowartościowania pierwszej oferty publicznej w Polsce na rynku regulowanym i alternatywnym z uwzględnieniem podziału całkowitego niedowartościowania na niedowartościowanie pierwotne i niedowartościowanie wtórne. W badaniu uwzględniono również różne rodzaje IPO (zimne, neutralne, gorące). Takie podejście do obliczania underpricingu w oparciu o dane pochodzące zarówno z rynku regulowanego Giełdy Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie, jak i rynku alternatywnego – NewConnect, jest pionierskie na polskim rynku.

Metodyka. Analizą statystyczną objęto 271 spółek debiutujących na rynku regulowanym Giełdy Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie w latach 2005–2022 oraz 585 spółek debiutujących na rynku alternatywnym NewConnect w latach 2007–2022. Dokonano podziału łącznego niedowartościowania na niedowartościowanie pierwotne i niedowartościowanie wtórne. Podzielono IPO na oferty zimne, gorące i neutralne według poziomu wtórnego niedowartościowania. Istotność poziomu stóp zwrotu na rynku regulowanym i alternatywnym oraz różnic między nimi oceniono na podstawie testów T-studenta. Korelacje oszacowano za pomocą wskaźnika Pearsona.

Wyniki/Rezultaty badania. Wyniki analizy pokazują, że w Polsce niedowartościowanie w IPO występujące na runku pierwotnym jest istotnie dodatnie, stanowiąc wynagrodzenie subskrybentów za uczestnictwo w pierwszej ofercie publicznej. Ponadto, jest ono wyższe dla debiutów na rynku alternatywnym niż rynku regulowanym. Natomiast stopy zwrotu wyliczane z cen otwarcia i cen zamknięcia w pierwszym dniu notowań są ujemne na obydwu rynkach, przy czym na rynku NewConnect są one niższe. Zarówno na rynku regulowanym, jak i alternatywnym średnie pierwotne niedowartościowanie dla zimnych IPO jest wyższe, niż dla gorących IPO. Średnie niedowartościowanie wtórne jest ujemne dla zimnych IPO i dodatnie dla gorących IPO zarówno na rynku regulowanym, jak i NewConnect. Co więcej, istnieje znacząca dodatnia korelacja pomiędzy pierwotnym i całkowitym niedowartościowaniem niezależnie od gorącego charakteru IPO, a dodatnia znacząca korelacja pomiędzy pierwotnym i wtórnym niedowartościowaniem występuje tylko w przypadku gorących ofert, podczas, gdy w przypadku zimnych ofert jest ona ujemna.

Pobrania

Brak dostępnych danych do wyświetlenia.

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