International and National Legal Protection of the Civilian Population During an Armed Conflict: The Example of Ukraine

Yevdokiia J. Streltsova; Yevgen L. Streltsov

doi:10.18778/0208-6069.106.14

Authors

Yevdokiia J. Streltsova Odesa Mechnikov National University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-1105
Yevgen L. Streltsov National University “Odesa Law Academy”

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.106.14

Keywords:

civilian population, international law, international humanitarian law, criminal law, International Criminal Court, war crimes, armed conflict in Ukraine

Abstract

The protection of civilians is a basic ethical, strategic, and legal requirement for the international community and every democratic state, one of the key aspects of any military (combat) action. Such protection should not only be proclaimed, but also serve as a priority. If armed forces during armed conflicts rely on the foundation laid by international humanitarian law and adhere to civilised rules of military (combat) operations, then the damage caused to the civilian population can be minimised. This problem is also important in terms of the international and national legal protection of the civilian population during the international military conflict in Ukraine.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Buromenskyi, Mykhaylo V. 2015. “Mizhnarodne pravo na tli vyklykiv XXI stolittia.” Aktualni problemy suchasnoho mizhnarodnoho prava: zb. nauk. st. za materialamy I Khark. mizhnar.- prav. chytan, prysviach. Pamiati prof. M.V. Yanovskoho i V.S. Semenova. 5–17. Edited by A.P. Het’man, I.V . Yakovyuk, V.I. Samoshchenko. Kharkiv: Natsional’nyy yurydychnyy universytet imeni Yaroslava Mudroho.
Google Scholar

Deklaratsiia pro zakhyst prav zhinok i ditei v nadzvychainykh obstavynakh i v period zbroinykh konfliktiv vid 14 hrudnia 1974 roku. 1974. Zakon online. https://cutt.ly/wVe6VhH (accessed: 14.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Dity viiny. 2023. https://childrenofwar.gov.ua/ (accessed: 16.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Draper, Colonel G.I.A.D. 1971. “The relationship between the human rights regime and the law of armed conflict.” Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 1: 191–207.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004422827_014

Fesenko, Igor. 1998. “Otvetstvennost gosudarstv za mezhdunarodnie prestupleniya.” Zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava i mezhdunarodnikh otnoshenii 3: 18–28.
Google Scholar

Fokus. 2022. “Zlochyny YeS: u Yevropeiskii radi vidreahuvaly na sproby obiity sanktsii.” Focus, November 11, 2022. https://focus.ua/uk/voennye-novosti/538712-prestupleniya-es-v-europeyskom-sovete-otreagirovali-na-popytki-oboyti-sankcii (accessed: 14.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Greenwood, Christopher. 1983. “The Relationship Between Ius ab Bellum and Ius in Bello.” Review of International Studies 9(4): 221–234.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210500115943

Hampson, Francoise J. 2008. “The relationship between international humanitarian law and human rights law from the perspective of a human rights treaty body.” International Review of the Red Cross 90(871): 549–572.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1560775508000114

Hnatovskii, Mykola M. 2017. “Povaha do prav liudyny v umovakh zbroinoho konfliktu Ukrainy. Zastosuvannia sudamy norm mizhnarodnoho humanitarnoho prava ta standartiv zakhystu prav liudyny.” https://newjustice.org.ua/wpcontent/uploads/2017/09/Report_Respect-for-HR-in-Conflict_Gnatovsky_UKR (accessed: 14.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Hnatovskii, Mykola M. 2017a. “Civilians in Armed Conflicts: The Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights.” Civilians in Contemporary Armed Conflicts: Rafal Lemkin’s Heritage. Edited by Agnieszka Bieńczyk-Missala. 271–274. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
Google Scholar

Jugement du Tribunal militaire international, in Procès des grands criminels de guerre devant le tribunal militaire international, tome I, Nuremberg, 1947, p. 235. https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/512713/pdf/ (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Kivalov, S.V.S.S. Andreychenko. KH.N. Bekhruz. YE.L. Strel’tsov Eds. 2017. Mizhnarodnopravova vidpovidalnist: teoretychnyi pohliad: monohrafiia. Odesa: Yurydychna literatura.
Google Scholar

Konventsiia pro prava dytyny vid 20 lystopada 1989 roku. Zakonodavstvo Ukrainy. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_021#Text (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Legislative Observatory. Rezoliutsiia pro vplyv viiny proty Ukrainy na zhinok vid 5 travnia 2022 roku. https://oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/ficheprocedure.do?lang=en&reference=2022/2633(RSP) (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Meltser, Nils. 2020. Mizhnarodne humanitarne pravo. Zahalnyi kurs: navch. posib. Kyiv: Mizhnarodnyi Komitet Chervonoho Khresta.
Google Scholar

Ministerstvo z pytan reintehratsii tymchasovo okupovanykh terytorii Ukrainy. Mizhnarodne humanitarne pravo. https://minre.gov.ua/diyalnist/napryamky-proektiv-minreintegracziyi/mizhnarodne-gumanitarne-pravo/ (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Novi praktyky pidtrymky poterpilykh ta svidkiv. Lex. https://lexinform.com.ua/v-ukraini/novi-praktyky-pidtrymky-poterpilyh-ta-svidkiv/ (accessed: 8.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Ofis Heneralnoho prokurora. 2022. “Heneralni prokurory Ukrainy ta SShA pidpysaly Memorandum pro vzaiemorozuminnia.” https://lb.ua/pravo/2022/09/21/530095_generalni_prokurori_ukraini_ssha.html (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Ofis Heneralnoho prokurora. Eksperty Misii OON obhovoryly pidtrymku diialnosti Koordynatsiinoho tsentru ta dopomohu postrazhdalym vid seksualnoho nasylstva. https://www.gp.gov.ua/ua/posts/eksperti-misiyi-oon-obgovorili-pidtrimku-diyalnosti-koordinaciinogo-centru-ta-dopomogu-postrazdalim-vid-seksualnogo-nasilstva (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Ofis Heneralnoho Prokurora Ukrainy. Mizhnarodnyi kryminalnyi sud. Rezultaty roboty Ofisu Heneralnoho prokurora z Mizhnarodnym kryminalnym sudom. https://gp.gov.ua/ua/posts/mizhnarodnij-kriminalnij-sud (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Ofis Heneralnoho Prokurora Ukrainy. Zlochyny vchynenni v period povnomasshtabnoho vtorhnennia RF. https://t.me/s/pgo_gov_ua?before=5395 (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Pictet, Jean. 1966. “The principles of international humanitarian law.” International Review of the Red Cross 9: 455–469.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020860400011451

Polishchuk, Volodymyr. 2023. “TOP – 20 voiennykh zlochyniv rashystiv pid chas shyrokomasshtabnoi ahresii proty Ukrainy.” ARMIIa INFORM, https://armyinform.com.ua/2023/02/21/top-20-voyennyh-zlochyniv-rashystiv-pid-chas-shyrokomasshtabnoyi-agresiyi-proty-ukrayiny/ (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Polyakovska, Tanya. 2023. “MKS vzhe vidkryv svii polovyi ofis u Kyievi, yakii ye naibilshym tsoho sudu za kordonom Niderlandiv Polovyi ofis Mizhnarodnoho kryminalnoho sudu zapratsiuvav u Kyievi.” Unian, https://www.unian.ua/society/u-kiyevi-zaprayucyuvav-poloviy-ofis-mizhnarodnogo-kriminalnogo-sudu-shcho-ce-dast-12393378.html (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Pro utvorennia Mizhvidomchoi komisii z pytan zastosuvannia ta realizatsii norm mizhnarodnoho humanitarnoho prava v Ukraini 2017. https://zakononline.com.ua/documents/show/384170_662205 (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Prudka L.M. 2017. “Psykholohichni osoblyvosti provedennia okremykh slidchykh dii. Tekst lektsii.” https://oduvs.edu.ua/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/lek-12_2017-UP.pdf (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Reznikova, Hanna. 2023. “Robota spilnoi slidchoi hrupy v protsesi dokumentuvannia zlochyniv: voiennyi dosvid Ukrainy.” JUST, https://arzinger.ua/press-center/publications/robota_spilnoi_slidchoi_grupi_v_protsesi_dokumentuvannya_zlochiniv_rf_voenniy_dosvid_ukraini/ (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Schindler, Dietrich. 1982. “International Humanitarian Law and Internationalized Interal Armed Conflicts.” International Review of the Red Cross 230: 255–264.
Google Scholar DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020860400068388

SShA, YeS i Velyka Brytaniia proponuiut praktychnu pidtrymku Ukrainy u zabezpechenni vidpovidalnosti za voienni zlochyny. 2023. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/ukraine/ (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Streltsov, Yevgen L. 2023. “War-time and post-war criminal law: priority trends.” National Weekly «Law Herald of Ukraine» («Yurydychnyi visnyk Ukrainy») 39–40 (1471–1472): 10–20.
Google Scholar

Streltsov, Yevgen L. 2023a. “War-time and post-war criminal law: priority trends.” National Weekly «Law Herald of Ukraine» («Yurydychnyi visnyk Ukrainy») 41–42 (1472–1473): 20–34.
Google Scholar

Ukrainform. 2023. “Ievropol doluchyvsia do spilnoi slidchoi hrupy shchodo rozsliduvannia tiazhkykh mizhnarodnykh zlochyniv, skonykh v Ukraini.” https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-world/3770386-evropol-dolucivsa-do-spilnoi-grupi-sodo-rozsliduvanna-miznarodnih-zlociniv-v-ukraini.html (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Ukrainform. 2023a. “U Haazi vidkryly Mizhnarodnyi tsentr iz peresliduvannia za zlochyn ahresii proty Ukrainy.” https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-polytics/3730789-u-gaazi-vidkrili-miznarodnij-centr-iz-peresliduvanna-za-zlocin-agresii-proti-ukraini.html (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Ukrainform. 2023b. “Rada Yevropy ukhvalyla novyi plan dii dlia Ukrainy z rekordnym biudzhetom na 50 mln. yevro.” https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-economy/3634467-rada-evropi-uhvalila-novij-plan-dij-dla-ukraini-z-rekordnim-budzetom-u-50-miljoniv.html (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

UN. Secretary-General. 2023. “Secretary-General’s remarks to the Security Council debate on ‘Upholding the Purposes and Principles of the UN Charter through Effective Multilateralism: Maintenance of Peace and Security of Ukraine.’ 20 September 2023.” https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2023-09-20/secretary-generals-remarks-the-security-council-debate-upholding-the-purposes-and-principles-of-the-un-charter-through-effective-multilateralism-maintenance-of-peace (accessed: 6.11.2023).
Google Scholar

Yevropeiska komisiia. Sanktsii, zaprovadzhenni YeS shchodo Rosii cherez vtorhnennia v Ukrainu. https://eu-solidarity-ukraine.ec.europa.eu/eu-sanctions-against-russia-following-invasion-ukraine_uk
Google Scholar

Zakonodavstvo Ukrainy. 2004. “Fakultatyvnyi protokol do Konventsii pro prava dytyny shchodo uchasti ditei u zbroinykh konfliktakh vid 01.01.2000”, https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_795#Tex
Google Scholar