Situation of the Singaporean LGBT Community
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18778/1641-4233.28.03Keywords:
Singapore, LGBT, social issuesAbstract
The aim of this article is to present the perception of the homosexual minority in Singapore, to summarize its history dating back to the presence of the British Empire in the Southeast Asia and to describe the current situation regarding the rights of the LGBT community. Legal changes related to the acceptance of people belonging to sexual minorities will be shown.
The work consists of section on the past of the city-state and its legal code and describes the attempts by activists to influence the Singaporean government until November 2022, when sexual relations between men were decriminalized.
The work demonstrates that the homosexual minority still faces problems in the legal aspect, however, thanks to the activists and the increase in social awareness, it is gradually increasing the level of acceptance of homosexuality in Singapore.
Downloads
References
„2020 World Press Freedom Index”. Reporters Without Borders 2020. Web. 26.05.2021. https://rsf.org/en/ranking/2020
Aravindan, A. „Singapore Warns U.S. Embassy over Webinar with LGBT Group”. Reuters 19.05.2021. Web. 26.07.2021. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/singapore-warns-us-embassy-over-webinar-with-lgbt-group-2021-05-19/
Chan, R. „Sections 377 and 377A of the Penal Code – Impact on AIDS Prevention and Control”. The Act 34 (2007).
Elangovan, N. „New Legislation Protects LGBTQ Community from Religiously Motivated Violence, But Law is ‘Same for All’”. Today 15.10.2019. Web. 26.06.2021. https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/new-legislation-protects-lgbtq-community-religiously-motivated-violence-law-same-all
Evans, D.B., Lauer, J.A., Murray, Ch.J.L., Tandon, A. „Measuring Overall Health System Performance for 191 Countries”. World Health Organization 2021. Web. 16.03.2021. https://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper30.pdf
„Gini Coefficient after Taxes in Singapore from 2011 to 2020”. Statista. Web. 26.05.2021. https://www.statista.com/statistics/951976/singapore-gini-coefficient-after-tax/
Ho, K. „Singaporeans Split on Same-sex Civil Partnerships”. YouGov 18.02.2019. Web. 01.01.2023. https://sg.yougov.com/en-sg/news/2019/02/18/singaporeans-split-same-sex-civil-partnerships/
„Human Development Index (HDI) by Country 2023”. World Population Review 2023. Web. 01.01.2023. https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/hdi-by-country/
„Human Development Index (HDI)”. United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports. Web. 26.05.2021. https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/SGP.pdf
Jelonek, A.W. W stronę liberalnej demokracji. Szkice z antropologii politycznej Azji Południowo-Wschodniej. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, 2002.
Johnson, C. „Singapore: Challenge to Law on Homosexuality Permitted”. Library of Congress 27.08.2012. Web 01.01.2023. https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2012-08-27/singapore-challenge-to-law-on-homosexuality-permitted/
Lee, D. „CONVERSION THERAPY BANS Enshrining a Contested View of Human Nature in Law”. Singapore Academy of Law Journal 33.483 (2021), 11.03.2021. Web. 26.05.2021. https://journalsonline.academypublishing.org.sg/Journals/Singapore-Academy-of-Law-Journal/Current-Issue/ctl/eFirstSALPDFJournalView/mid/494/ArticleId/1616/Citation/JournalsOnlinePDF
Lee, K.Y. „Singapore: LGBTQ Organizers Persist Despite Government restrictions”. People’s World 22.05.2017. Web. 26.08.2021. https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/singapore-lgbtq-organizers-persist-despite-government-restrictions/
Lin, Ch. „Singapore Will Decriminalize Sex Between Men, Prime Minister Says”. Reuters 22.08.2022. Web. 01.01.2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/singapore-will-decriminalise-sex-between-men-pm-2022-08-21/
Mokhtar, F. „The Big Read: With a House Still Divided over 377A, Time to Seek a Common Ground”. Today Online 15.08.2018. Web. 26.10.2021. https://www.todayonline.com/big-read/big-read-house-still-divided-over-377a-time-seek-common-ground
Oi, M. „Is Singapore’s Stance on Homosexuality Changing?”. BBC News 23.04.2013. Web. 26.10.2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-22088852
Penal Code 1871, section 377A, Singapore. Web. 01.01.2023. https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/PC1871?ViewType=Advance&Phrase=377A&WiAl=1&ProvIds=P416-#pr376A-
Phillips, R. „‘And I Am Also Gay’: Illiberal Pragmatics, Neoliberal Homonormativity and LGBT Activism in Singapore”. Anthropologica 56.1 (2014): 45–54.
Roth, K. „Singapore Events of 2020”. Human Rights Watch 16.04.2020. Web. 16.03.2021. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2021/country-chapters/singapore
Sim, D. „Singapore to Scrap Anti-Gay Sex Law, Amend Constitution to Prevent Marriage Equality”. South China Morning Post 21.08.2022. Web. 01.01.2023. https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3189671/singapore-scrap-anti-gay-sex-law-amend-constitution-ban-marriage?utm_source=googlenewsstand_web&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=20220821&utm_campaign=off_platform
„Singapore Gay Sex Ban: Court Rejects Appeals to Overturn Law”. BBC News 30.03.2020. Web. 26.05.2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-52098362
„Singapore GDP”. Trading Economics. Web. 16.03.2021. https://tradingeconomics.com/singapore/gdp
„Singapore. Human Development Indicators”. United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports. Web. 26.05.2021. http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/SGP#
„Singapore Reforms Sex Laws – But not for Homosexuals”. The Guardian 24.10.2007. Web. 01.01.2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/oct/24/gayrights.uk
„Singapur. Sąd Najwyższy podtrzymuje zakaz kontaktów homoseksualnych”. QUEER 31.03.2020. Web. 26.05.2021. https://queer.pl/news/204228/singapur-sad-najwyzszy-zakaz-kontaktow-homoseksualnych
Tan Eng Hon v. Attorney-General 2012. Singapore Law.org. SGCA 45. Web. 01.01.2023. http://www.singaporelaw.sg/sglaw/laws-of-singapore/case-law/free-law/court-of-appeal-judgments/14979-tan-eng-hong-v-attorney-general-2012-sgca-45
Tan, S. „Being Gay (Lesbian or Transgender) in Singapore”. HURIGHTS OSAKA 2011. Web. 26.05.2021. https://www.hurights.or.jp/archives/focus/section2/2011/09/being-gay-lesbian-or-transgender-in-singapore.html#n11
Tjin Thum, P. „The 28 Most Important Issues Facing Singapore”. New Naratif 04.09.2019. Web. 26.05.2021. https://newnaratif.com/research/the-28-most-important-issues-facing-singapore/
Wong, T. „377: The British Colonial Law that Left an Anti-LGBTQ Legacy in Asia”. BBC News 29.06.2021. Web. 26.05.2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57606847
World Bank. Web. 26.05.2021. https://www.worldbank.org/en/home
Yan, H.G. „Parliament Repeals Section 377A, Endorses Amendments Protecting Definition of Marriage”. The Strait Times 29.11.2022. Web. 01.01.2023. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/parliament-repeals-section-377a-endorses-amendments-protecting-marriage-definition
Yuen-C, T. „NDR 2022: Govt Will Repeal Section 377A, But Also Amend Constitution to Protect Marriage from Legal Challenges”. The Straits Times 22.08.2022. Web. 01.01.2023. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/ndr-2022-govt-will-repeal-section-377a-decriminalise-sex-between-men
Yuen-C, T. „Support for Section 377A Drops as Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Relationship Shift, Survey Finds”. The Straits Times 16.06.2022. Web. 01.01.2023. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/support-for-section-377a-drops-as-attitudes-to-same-sex-relationships-shift-survey-finds
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2023-06-16 (2)
- 2023-05-29 (1)
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
